The contributions of expanded public works programme towards income security of female-headed households in Kabokweni, Mbombela Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) towards improving the income security of female-headed households in Kabokweni, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Women constitute a significant proportion of EPWP participants, but the extent to which EPWP contributes towards female-headed household income security and the lived experiences of the participants remains understudied. Empirical clarity on how and to what extent the EPWP programme contributes to income security, especially in rural settings, remains limited. A qualitative research approach was adopted to obtain in-depth, personal information from the participants. Data were collected through focus group discussions with 15 women, who head households and who are beneficiaries of the EPWP. The participants were purposively selected to ensure the collection of relevant data related to the EPWP and income security. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with five key informants involved in the implementation of the EPWP. The findings of the study revealed that the EPWP plays a significant role in providing short-term income relief, enabling female-headed households to meet basic needs of food, household expenses, and children’s education. However, the study also found that the EPWP has limited impact on long-term income security, due to the temporary nature of employment and inadequate skills development and training opportunities. As a result, many female participants remain vulnerable to income insecurity once they exit the EPWP. The study concludes that while the EPWP contributes positively to immediate income support for female-headed households, it fails to promote sustainable livelihoods. The study recommends the strengthening of skills development, training, and exit strategies within the EPWP to enhance long-term income security and economic self-reliance among female-headed households.